Operetta Wikipedia. Operetta is a genre of light opera, light in terms both of music and subject matter. La Cousine Bette French pronunciation la kuzin bt, Cousin Bette is an 1846 novel by French author Honor de Balzac. Set in mid19th century Paris, it tells. Operetta in FrencheditOriginseditOperetta grew out of the French opra comique around the middle of the 1. By this time, the comique part of the genre name had become misleading Georges Bizets Carmen 1. The definition of comique meant something closer to humanistic, meant to portray real life in a more realistic way, representing tragedy and comedy next to each other, as Shakespeare had done centuries earlier. With this new connotation, opra comique had dominated the French operatic stage since the decline of tragdie lyrique. Most researchers acknowledge that the credit for creating the operetta form should go to Herv 1. In 1. 84. 2 he wrote the little oprette, LOurs et le pacha, based on the popular vaudeville by Eugne Scribe and X. B. Saintine. In 1. Herv made his first notable appearance on the Parisian stage, with Don Quichotte et Sancho Pana after Cervantes, which can be considered the starting point for the new French musical theatre tradition. Hervs most famous works are the Gounod parody Le Petit Faust 1. Mamzelle Nitouche 1. OffenbacheditJacques Offenbach further developed and popularized operetta, giving it its enormous vogue during the Second Empire and afterwards. 2 Offenbachs earliest one act pieces included Les deux aveugles, Le violoneux and Ba ta clan all 1. Orphe aux enfers 1. These led to the so called Offenbachiade works including Genevive de Brabant 1. Le pont des soupirs 1. La belle Hlne 1. Barbe bleue and La Vie parisienne both 1. La Grande Duchesse de Grolstein 1. La Prichole 1. 86. Les brigands 1. 86. Offenbachs tradition was then carried on by Robert Planquette, Andr Messager, and others. What characterizes Offenbachs operettas is both the grotesque way they portray life, and the extremely frivolous way this is done, often bordering on the pornographic. Zola describes the back stage and on stage situation in the Thtre des Varits during the Second Empire in his novel Nana, which takes place in late 1. Nana. The character was closely modeled after Offenbachs female star Hortense Schneider, and Offenbachs librettist Ludovic Halvy gave mile Zola the details. Considering how Zolas Nana describes an Offenbach style operetta performance in Paris, it is not surprising that the mostly male, upper class audience crowded the various theaters every evening. Upper class audiences in other cities like Vienna and Berlin longed to see these shows in their home towns as well, which inspired worldwide performance of Offenbachs works. The highly erotic way Offenbachs operettas were originally played, with stars like Hortense Schneider created a scandalized reaction from certain parts of the general public. Operetta was considered a frivolous art form. Indeed, together with its grotesque qualities, frivolity is one of the defining elements of authentic operetta la Offenbach and Herv. It was only later, when audiences widened and became more middle and lower class, that operetta became more serious and nostalgic. Many of the originally pornographic French and Viennese operettas were later played in a toned down, classical version, which is how audiences today are mostly presented with the genrein an opera house with opera singers, rather than in a private theatre with courtesans in the lead roles. 3Operetta in GermaneditAustria HungaryeditThe most significant composer of operetta in the German language was the Austrian Johann Strauss II 1. His first operetta was Indigo und die vierzig Ruber 1. His third operetta, Die Fledermaus 1.
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